Author : Puji, Uray, Fityah dan Rizwan (Tutorial), Intan (Jurnal)
A twenty year-old new student of
medical student thinks about how to apply deep learning in problem based
learning method. He realizes that in higher education which particulary appies
in PBL, adult learning, self directed learning are very important to promote
deep learning. The students should also involve critical thinking for both
learning resources and activities, but in the early stage of his study he still
has difficulty in practicing them.
Unfamiliar terms
1. Deep
Learning : study deeply to understand from beginning until the
end.
2. Problem
Based Learning : strategy
student-centered learning which the students work on the problem to develop
their knowledge so we learn how to learn. This is one of the
methods that used in medical faculty.
3.
Adult Learning : Long life learning, we study continously not only when we are close to an
exam. So we study because we need not pressure.
4. Critical
Thinking : Critical thinking is the intellectually disciplined
process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, synthesizing,
and/or evaluating information gathered from, or generated by, observation,
experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication as a guide to belief and
action.
5. Self
Directed Learning : learning proccess that carried out on the initiative
of individual students.
What is deep learning?
Deep learning is an approach
and an attitude to learning, where the learner uses higher-order cognitive
skills such as the ability to analyse, synthesize, solve problems, and thinks meta-cognitively
in order to construct long-term understanding. It involves the critical analysis of new
ideas, linking them to already known concepts, and principles so
thatthis understanding can be used for problem solving in new, unfamiliar contexts. Deep learning entails a sustained, substantial, and
positive influence on the way students act, think, or feel.
Deep learning promotes
understanding and application for life. Deep learners reflect on the personal
significance of what they are learning. They are autonomous –they virtually
teach themselves. But they are also collaborative learners, with high
meta-cognitive (means
thinking about thinking) and learning skills.
Learners
learn by integrating new knowledge with existing knowledge.We learn best what we feel we need to know
as our motivation. Motivation remains inextricably bound to some level of
choice and control.Motivation should be a product of teaching. The art of good
teaching is to communicate the need to learn where it is initially lacking.Students
are heavily influenced by the hidden curriculum. They look for clues and use
these to drive their study effort.
What is Problem Based Learning?
In problem based learning (PBL)
students use “triggers” from the problem case or scenario to define their own
learning objectives. Subsequently they do independent, self directed study
before returning to the group to discuss and refine their acquired knowledge.
Thus, PBL is not about problem solving per se, but rather it uses appropriate
problems to increase knowledge and understanding.
Advantages of
PBL
|
Disadvantages
of PBL
|
active learning, improved
understanding, and retention and development of lifelong learning skills
|
Tutors who
can't “teach”—Tutors
|
Generic
competencies—PBL
allows
|
enjoy passing on their own
knowledge and understanding so may find PBL facilitation difficult and
frustrating
|
students to develop
generic skills and attitudes desirable in their future practice
|
Human
resources—More
staff
|
Integration—PBL facilitates an
|
have to take part in the
tutoring process
|
integrated core curriculum
|
Other
resources—Large
numbers
|
Motivation—PBL is fun for students
|
of students need access to
the same library and computer resources simultaneously
|
and tutors, and the
process requires all students to be engaged in the learning process
|
Role models—Students may be
|
“Deep”
learning—PBL fosters
deep
|
deprived access to a
particular inspirational teacher who in a traditional curriculum would
deliver lectures to a large group
|
learning (students
interact with learning materials, relate concepts to everyday activities, and
improve their understanding)
|
Informationoverload—Students
|
Constructivist
approach—Students
|
may be unsure how much
self directed study to do and what information is relevant and useful
|
activate prior knowledge
and build on existing conceptual knowledge frameworks
|
Generic
skills and attitudes in PBL
·
Teamwork
·
Critical evaluation of literature
·
Chairing a group
·
Self directed learning and use of
resources
·
Listening
·
Presentation skills
·
Recording
·
Cooperation
·
Respect for colleagues' views
What
is Adult Learning?
Adult
Learning Theory
Andragogy (adult learning) is a theory
that holds a set of assumptions about how adults learn. Andragogy emphasises
the value of the process of learning. It uses approaches to learning that are
problem-based and collaborative rather than didactic, and also emphasises more
equality between the teacher and learner.
Knowles identified the six principles of
adult learning outlined below.
·
Adults are internally motivated and
self-directed
Adult
learners resist learning when they feel others are imposing information, ideas
or actions on them.
·
Adults bring life experiences and
knowledge to learning experiences
Adults like to be given opportunity to use
their existing foundation of knowledge and experience gained from life
experience, and apply it to their new learning experiences.
·
Adults are goal oriented
Adult students become ready to learn when
"they experience a need to learn it in order to cope more satisfyingly with
real-life tasks or problems" (Knowles,1980 p 44, as cited in Fidishun,
2000). Your role is to facilitate a student's readiness for problem-based
learning and increase the student's awareness of the need for the knowledge or
skill presented.
·
Adults are relevancy oriented
Adult learners want to know the relevance of
what they are learning to what they want to achieve.
·
Adults are practical
Through practical fieldwork experiences,
interacting with real clients and their real life situations, students move from
classroom and textbook mode to hands-on problem solving where they can
recognise first hand how what they are learning applies to life and the work
context.
What
is Critical Thinking?
Critical
thinking can be defined as examining your own ideas, and those of others;
synthesising and assessing these different ideas and arguments; and applying
ideas in different contexts. Another sources said that critical thinking is the
habits of thought that you cultivate for better decisions on what to believe
and what to do. Critical thought is not about being able to argue well. That
kind of thinking can be a trap. Unfortunately, some very intelligent people
think that way, seeking only to justify the beliefs they already have. That is
very limited thinking.
Critical
thinking is the centered of every aspects such as :
·
Time management
·
Research skills ( in class or tutorial )
·
Reading or taking a note
·
To do some assignments and prepare
ourselves for exam.
In
progress to develop our critical thinking, especially in our learning we will
find some level of study:
·
Knowledge : Something that we get from
memorizing.
·
Comprehension : Not only memorizing but
also understanding.
·
Application : Can apply that knowledge.
·
Analysis : Analyzing information by
identification the causes and make a conclusion.
·
Synthesis : Can combine the elements
into something new and also present alternative solution.
·
Evaluation : Can preserve the argument.
Critical
Thinking Requires Skills in :
·
Analysing the information – examining it
in detail.
·
Thinking creatively – thinking about
different perspectives and possibilities.
·
Problem solving – considering available
information before making an appropriate decision.
·
Reasoning – thinking logically; making
links between ideas and information.
·
Evaluating – examining information, to
assess whether it is useful, relevant for your purpose and/or a particular
context, and reliable.
Basic
of Critical Thinking :
·
Intelectual character
·
Intelectual integrity
·
Humble
·
Self confidence
·
Diligent
·
Thinking normally
·
Courage
·
Empathy
·
Independent
What is Self Directed Learning?
Self-directed learning
is a core theoretical construct distinguishing adult education as a field of
study. Most of the concept's emphasis has been on the external control and
management of learning tasks. In an attempt to expand the scope of
self-directed learning, this paper presents a comprehensive theoretical model.
The proposed model integrates self-management (contextual control),
self-monitoring (cognitive responsibility), and motivational (entering and
task) dimensions to reflect a meaningful and worthwhile approach to
self-directed learning. Explicating the cognitive and motivational dimensions
of self-directed learning is identified as an area requiring further research
Why is Self-Directed Learning important?
• There
is growing evidence that people who take initiative in learning, learn more
and learn better than those who don’t.
•
The evidence is also that they learn more deeply and permanently.
Author : Puji, Uray, Fityah dan Rizwan
Sources :
·
Powerpoint from dr Wiwik Kusumawati
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar