SKENARIO 5 BLOK 2

CLARIFYING UNFAMILIAR TERMS

AIDS = is a collectionofsymptoms andinfectionsor commonlycalled asyndromecausedbydamage tothe human immune systemdue toHIVvirus

HIV POSITIVE = is avirusthatcanweaken theimmune systemin humans.

INFECTION = is theentryanddevelopment ofinfectious agents into thebody of a personwhoonlyrefers topathogenicorganisms

PNEUMONIA=  The people who risk of pneumonia are elderly above 65 years old or infant under 2 years, or they who had health problem (example AIDS)

HOMOSEXUAL = a sexual disorder in which sexual inclination towards the same sex

SAFER SEX =one of the tools used to make it safe in a sexual relationship

TREATMENT = Treatment was carried out deliberately and systematically towards equipment to achieve results / conditions are acceptable and desirable.

Brainstorming and Analyzing the Problem

1.       In this case, whetheradoctorshouldreveals patient’s secret?

circumstances which justify the principle of confidentiality is to be overlooked when people are infected with HIV told the doctor that he intends to keep having sex or sharing needles with certain people without precautions transmission. In these circumstances a physician is required at the beginning of trying to provide counseling to people not to pursue it. If unsuccessful, the physician should inform the patient that the doctor he has an ethical and legal obligation to warn others concerned.

obligation ofphysicianstopatientsin article 12: the doctorshould keep in confidenceall she knewaboutsomeonepatient, even afterthe patienthas died

InternationalCode of Medical EthicsofWMAstates "A physician shouldmaintain
in absolutesecrecyaboutwhat heknewabouttheirpatientseven
afterthepatient'sdeath". Yetanotherethicsrejecttheabsolutism
confidentiality. Perhaps theycanpenetratethe secret/opened, sometimesbecause ofa call
clarification ofthe lawonsecrecyitself.
Placeda high valueonconfidentialityhas threesources: autonomy,
respect forothers,and trust. Autonomyassociatedwith
confidentialityforpersonalinformationabouta personishis ownandnot
beknown to otherswithoutpermission. If someonedisclose personal information to
another personsuch as a doctoror anurse, orif theinformationappearsat the time ofthe medicalexamination,
mustbe kept confidentialunless authorizedtobe openedwiththe knowledge
private.

2.       inwhat circumstancesthe doctormayreveals the patient’s secret?

In the case of HIV-positive patients leaking information to the spouse or sexual partner
when it is not something that is unethical, and even justified if the patient is not willing
inform the people (the people) is that he (they) at risk.
Justification of disclosure should be based on:
1. partners at risk of HIV infection
but do not know the chances of infection
2. patient refused to tell partner
sex
3. patient refused medical help to do so
4. and doctors have been telling patients to notify their partners.

3.       Whatshouldthe doctor doin this case?

The doctor should give more education to Mr. S about his disease and the danger for his wife if he didn’t tell his wife about this and pursue Mr. S to let his wife to do HIV test. The doctor should educate Mr. S about how to prevent her wife from getting HIV infection from him by using condom every time they have a sex, also to tell Mr. S for not doing any homosexual again and do monogamy to prevent more people getting HIV infection.

4.       What is the reason for the doctor to reveals the patient’s secret?

The reason for the doctor to reveals the patient’s secret is to protect the patient’s wife from getting HIV infection too. So, if Mr. S’s wife got infected by HIV, she could get treatment for her disease too, and prolong her life.

5.       What ethics principle that can be found in this scenario?

a.       Autonomy

b.      Non-Maleficence

c.       Justice

d.      Beneficence

e.      Interpersonal Competence

6.       How to prevent HIV?

HIV is generally passed from person-to-person through sexual (anal, vaginal, or oral) contact or by sharing needles and other drug works. HIV can be prevented through abstinence, mutual monogamy, condoms, and by not sharing needles and drug works.

Abstinence: Abstaining from sex means not having any type of sex at all (oral, anal, or vaginal). Abstinence is 100% effective in preventing HIV.

Monogamy: mutual monogamy means that you are agree to be sexually active with only one person, and that person has agreed to be sexually active only with you. Reducing your numbers of sexual partners can decrease your risk for HIV. It is still important that you and your partner get tested for HIV and share your test result with one another. Many people choose to continue using condoms in a mutually monogamous relationship for further protection form HIV.

Condoms: when used consistently and correctly, condoms are highly effective in preventing HIV infection. If you are sexually active, latex condoms provide the best protection against HIV infection. Polyurethane or plastic condoms may also be used and are good options for people with latex allergies.

Not Sharing Needles: using intravenous frugs and sharing needles with an infected person increases a person’s risk of HIV infection.

http://www.cdc.gov/actagainstaids/basics/prevention.html

AUTHOR: ARTIS (AMINA) DAN MANAGER ARTIS (VENTY) B)